One which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon

The layer of gas that surrounds Earth. It is often called air and consists of several different gasses. 

Includes all living things from plants and animals to fungi and bacteria AND any place you can find life on or around Earth. 

When chemical reactions make changes to rocks

A theory that proposes that the continents are drifting away from each other because they are located on tectonic plates, or sections that make up the Earth’s crust, the outermost rigid layer of the Earth

The outermost layer of our planet; it’s a thin shell that surrounds the entire Earth. 

One which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in the future

A process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. It is a geological process, and part of the rock cycle

A rise of water with no place to go

The remains or traces of plants and animals that lived long ago

Includes all the rock, soil, and sediments that make up Earth’s land

A large area of thick ice that remains frozen from one year to the next

Includes all the water in, on, and around the planet Earth. This water can be in any state of matter, including solid, liquid, and gas

Rocks formed when the molten matter inside the earth called magma comes out of the volcano and cools down and solidifies. Examples include granite, basalt, and pumice

The center of the Earth. It is a huge metal ball, 2,500 km wide. Made mainly of iron, the temperature of the core is 5,000-6000 degrees Celsius 

A natural feature of the surface of the earth. Examples include mountains, plateaus, and valleys

The movement of rock, debris, or earth, down a slope due to gravity. The materials may move by falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, or flowing

Hot, liquefied rock that flows from a volcano or other opening in the surface of Earth

Molten, or hot liquefied, rock located deep below the earth’s surface

Made by people rather than nature

Lies between the crust and the outer core of our planet

Over time, movement of the earth and environment can break apart rock formations

Rock formed from any other type of rock, sedimentary or igneous. When igneous and sedimentary rocks are exposed to a lot of heat from magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates, they form into a new rock called metamorphic. Examples include marble, slate, and quartzite

Made by nature without anything added or changed

Naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events. Examples include tectonic hazards (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic activity) and climatic hazards (extreme temperatures, drought and wildfires)

The outer layer of the core that is made of liquid iron and nickel. Since it is a liquid, it can spin

The long, slow journey of rocks down from Earth’s surface and then back up again

Rocks made of sediments that have been weathered and eroded and usually end up at the bottom of lakes and oceans. These different sediments are then squeezed for a very long time until they become solid layers of rock. Examples include limestone, sandstone, and coal

Part of the lithosphere that breaks up into huge rock slabs, or crustal plates. There are a few larger plates and several smaller plates. Some of the major plates include the African, Antarctica, and North American plates

The specific physical features of an area of land

A violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground

A large ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake or a volcanic explosion

A mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gasses and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. 

The process where rock is dissolved, worn away, or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces. There are mechanical and chemical weathering processes